Elaboração de protocolo de ensaios mecânicos para avaliação da performance do material PLA através da manufatura aditiva por meio do processo FDM

Abstract

Technological innovation has been a constant in several areas in the contemporary world, emphasizing in the areas of engineering and health. In this scenario, there is the Additive Manufacturing (MA), which consists of a manufacturing process using the addition of material in successive flat layers, in which it is possible to generate 3D physical parts obtained directly from CAD (Computer Aided Design). The MA is divided into several processes, in this study it will be highlighted by Fusion and Deposition Modeling (FDM) of the solids class, which uses solid polymer coils, especially Poly lactic acid (PLA). This technology of manufacturing process has been gaining more and more prominence in the technological scenario, with which it is possible to affirm that the Additive Manufacturing is on a scale of growth, being considered by many scholars as the new industrial revolution, which obviously opens space for New research in the area, thus necessitating the consolidation of processes, machinery and materials. In this context of recognition of the participation that the Additive Manufacturing process has been achieving, this study aimed to elaborate mechanical testing protocols for the evaluation of PLA material performance through the MA from the FDM process. The applied methodology was based on studying the parameters of construction of the pieces in FDM (structure, raster, deposition rate, temperature, loops, orientation of the raster angle, position orientation of the pieces, among others), to perform the mechanical tests of the Type and analyze the results obtained through strain-strain graphs (maximum tensions, rupture and modulus of elasticity). The result obtained evidenced little difference between the deposition rates (20%, 50% and 100%) regarding the construction time. Regarding the mechanical properties, the pieces with 100% fill characteristics in their internal structure presented better tensions. It was also observed the influence of the position of construction of the specimens in the printing tray, changing its mechanical characteristics.