Eventos toxicológicos relacionados aos agrotóxicos: Análise dos dados epidemiológicos e espaciais

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The immense variety of artificial and natural substances with toxic and / or harmful potential that exists in the world today is alarming. The possibility of exposure and contamination is great, when considering the various forms of contamination and the various toxic agents, such as pesticides, responsible for intoxications with greater clinical severity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiological profile of pesticide intoxications reported in Ceatox-CG, in the city of Campina Grande (PB). METHODS: This is a quantitative, ecological, nested study of a cross-sectional epidemiological, observational and sectional study of temporality. The geographical area studied was the municipality of Campina Grande, opting for the temporal cut of 2011-2015. Data were collected through Sinan's Toxicological Events Notification Form. Statistical analysis verified association between variables using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and SPSS software, version 20.0. For the georeferencing, QGIS software, version 2.14.3, was used from the set of MMQGIS plug- ins in the Python programming language. The Moran Index was calculated through R Core Team and Kernel Maps were constructed. In total, 503 cases reported in the service were analyzed, and 164 cases were geolocalized. It was submitted to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) with the human beings of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB) under the protocol CAAE No. 57562816.4.1001.5187, in 2016. RESULTS: Intoxications are multi-causal and determined by the triad environment- Agent-host, being susceptible of prevention. Regarding pesticide poisonings, 536 active ingredients were observed, most of them being insecticides and rodenticides. Most of the poisoning occurred by the chemical group Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Carbamates (33.9%), whose main pesticide used was the "chumbinho" (28.7%). Using the variable "suicide" as a dependent, we have a statistically significant association at the junction with the variables "sex", "age", "labor market situation" and "case evolution". In the Binary Logistic Regression model, we observed an association with "Gender" (p = 0.032) and "Age" (p = 0.001). Outbreaks were identified in three districts of the municipality: Malvinas (West Zone) with 23 notifications, Catolé (South Zone) with 18 notifications and José Pinheiro (East Zone) with 11 notifications. For the calculation of the Moran Index, we obtained IMo = -0.006725361 (p = 0.675), and there was no statistical evidence to prove the spatial correlation between the neighborhoods of Campina Grande and the continuity of the occurrence of pesticide poisonings. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: There is talk of easy access to pesticides due to unregistered and illegal sales at fairs and popular markets, contrary to what is provided for in Law 7802/1989. Suicide, a circumstance of exposure that was highlighted in the data of this study, constitutes a complex and difficult human phenomenon, presenting great situational and numerical relevance. It is necessary to clarify, more and more, the vigilance of the Information and Toxicological Assistance Centers (CIAT), building a preventive attitude and empowering the population about risks, prevention and treatment.