Análise da qualidade da água de poços no enterno de um Açude Urbano em Campina Grande – PB

Abstract

Water is an essential and fundamental resource for the existence of life on Earth, and can be exploited in surface and underground sources. The exploitation of aquifers, for the most part , is a way of "cushioning" the negative impacts generated by water scarcity around the world, however the use of groundwater must meet the quality standards imposed by legislation, such as the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health 2914/2011, when destined for human consumption. The present work aimed to analyze the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of the water from tubular wells located near an urban reservoir in Campina Grande -PB and to emphasize the risks associated to the uses of these waters. To identify the prevailing uses of groundwater in the study area, questionnaires were applied in a statistically significant sample to identify the predominant uses of the study area. The collections occurred in the period from February to August 2017, with the determination of physical-chemical and microbiological indicators of water quality. The sample data set was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the determination of the Pearson coefficients. In general, it was verified that the area of study was predominantly commercial being the main use of groundwater to clean environments, however it is important to evidence the existence of human intake with these groundwater. Users who drank this water used homemade treatments such as chlorine disinfection and boiling water, but according to the physico- chemical and microbiological analyzes performed at point P6, which was groundwater treated with chlorine at home, did not meet the standards imposed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Health 2914/2011 being improper for human consumption by exceeding the VMP of chloride, fluoride, total dissolved solids-SDT and total coliform microbiological and Escherichia coli. For the physical-chemical and microbiological analysis of raw groundwater, the results also did not comply with the standards of potability, currently in force in Brazil, which according to chloride, fluoride, total dissolved solids and total coliform microbiological indicators and Escherichia coli this water poses a risk to public health if intended for human intake. To this inadequacy, several factors may be related, among them, the contamination of the water table by point sources, such as septic tanks, drainage channels and contaminated water bodies and, in the case of groundwater treated locally and empirically with chlorine, contamination was attributed to the deficiency in cleaning maintenance in the reservoir.