Análise de conteúdo informatizada aplicada ao texto literário: um estudo de "O Cortiço", de Aluísio Azevedo

Abstract

Characterized as a bastard literature by the traditional criticism, Naturalism remains today in an inferior position among the literary movements. With few studies about the aesthetic and shared opinions regarding the imitation of Zola, pornography and social ills. Is up to Naturalism the constant dependence of Realism and rare compliments for their studies of collective scenes, in both the novel and the drama. For this reason, this study proposes to survey the critical views against the aesthetic zoliana, pointing out conditioned opinions and contradictions by the same author, aiming to initiate a discussion concerning the need for new studies on the literary movement. In Brazil, O Cortiço is the only work of naturalistic slant widely accepted by critics, due to its tone of social protest and the verisimilitude that Aluísio Azevedo portrayed the social-cultural scene of the late nineteenth century. Therefore, the possible spatial references, urban and social, observed for the novel reproduction will be surveyed. In the midst of political hygienists against slums and rooming houses, Aluísio Azevedo lived in these dwellings and frequented establishments whose customers belonged to the proletarian class. From those spaces destined to poverty made his laboratory, elaborating his masterpiece. From the priority of the space of narrative, in O Cortiço, and the setting of "Brazil in miniature", proposed by Candido (2004), results obtained through a computerized content analysis are presented, revealing the interpersonal and spatial relationships of the characters and the slum itself. For this purpose, the experiment included the use of Alceste, a software developed by Max Reinert (1990, 2000), which analyzes text data such as interviews, newspapers, magazines, music and literary works. In terms of a Brazilian literary analysis, ALCESTE is used for the first time.