Estudo das propriedades biológicas, fitoquímicas e toxicológicas de Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart

Abstract

Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. is a species that occurs in the caatinga, being popularly known as Pereiro. This species is economically important to have multiple uses, primarily for use as an ornamental plant (even in recovery of riparian vegetation), as wood (carpentry, charcoal and firewood) and as fodder. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of indole alkaloids, which were attributed hypotensive, antimicrobial, trypanosomicide and cytotoxic activities. The objective of this research was to realize a phytochemical, toxicological and biological study of A. pyrifolium Mart. The extracts were produced by different extraction techniques and by three different hydroalcoholic concentrations and of proportion of plant material. To perform the first biological activity a factorial design 3 3 was used to order to determine the extract of best antimicrobial action against the strains Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) , Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 4352). This extract was used in the realization of the other biological studies. The results showed that the best antimicrobial activity was obtained with the extract produced by turbólise using 30 g of plant material dissolved in solution of 90% ethanol/water. The phytochemical studies showed the presence of phenolic compounds and saponins. In pharmacological testing was observed that the extract, in the doses tested, exhibited an analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential, and although the crude extract has shown signs of toxicity, these were not evidenced in the pharmacological assays.