Desenvolvimento vegetativo e parâmetros fisiológicos em genótipos de amendoim dob déficit hídrico e inoculados com rizóbios

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a herbaceous oilseed original in Latin America and cultivated in many regions of Brazil due to great capacity for environmental adaptation. But some biotic and abiotic environmental factors such as water stress, affect the peanut production capacity, however negative economic impacts that vary depending on the duration of the drought and the phenological phase of the plants. In this context aimed to evaluate the interaction of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, as promoters of tolerance to drought in three peanut genotypes, assessing physiological and vegetative growth parameters. We used three genotypes of peanut and two cultivars (BRS Havana and CNPA 76 AM) and an advanced line (2012-4), the treatments were formed from the inoculation of three strains of rhizobia (SEMIA 6144, 123-10A and SEMIA 4077) , a nitrogenous chemical source (ammonium sulfate) and without nitrogen witness and two water regimes. The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial 3 x 5 x 2 with 6 repetitions. Data were analyzed using the statistical program SISVAR version 5.6, which were submitted to variance analysis by T test and comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% significance. The variables of gas exchange were affected by drought and decreased the plant height, shoot dry weight, dry weight of nodules and number of nodes. The drought also reduced gas exchange in peanut genotypes, however, the rhizobia mitigated the effects of drought. There was an increase in proline content in plants under water stress and antioxidant enzymes acted in accordance with the needs of the plant defense mechanisms. The genotypes studied were tolerant to drought in the presence of strains 123-10A and SEMIA 6144, and 123-10A was more responsive in most of the variables analyzed.