Atividade pesqueira de elasmobrânquios: Um enfoque etnoictiológico

Abstract

The populations ofelasmobranchsare especially susceptibleto overexploitationdue to the continuedexploitation offish stocks, to anthropogenicactivitiesoncoastal and marine environments, to theirk-strategists characteristicsand the lack ofcontrol of theirtotal landings, mainly from theartisanal fleet. In this scenario, it shows the necessity of develop new management techniques of fishing resources that take into account the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of all those involved in this activity.The present studyaimed tounderstand theLEK aboutthe fishing activitiesofelasmobranch inthe city of Raposa-MA,within a perspectiveof building aco-management. Thus,54artisanal fishermenwere interviewedthroughfreeinterviews andsemi-structured forms,with a mean ageof44.9 years, more than half (51.85%) withincompleteelementary schooland64.81% exclusivedependent on fishingfortheirmonthly income. Theelasmobranchscaptureoccursaccidentallyby three types ofvessels (boat, ―biana‖and ―MAR‖)usinggill netstargetedto bonespecies ofhigher value. Theconservationistattitude indicatordisplays thelowintention ofconservation of thesestocksby fishermen. Through the CEL of artisanal fishers were described 45 generic folks, with the determination of 7 monotypic and 17 polytypic, of which 25 scientific species were identified through the description of fishermen and research in the scientific literature, and five of these are listed as endangered in level national or global. On the influenceof abioticfactors infishing activity, fishermen listedseveralnames to describethe lunar phasesbut did not determinethe most suitablefor fishing,and consideredunfavorablestrong windsand high temperatures,commonin the dry season, especially starting in August.That way, this study exposes theCELof local fishermenand gapsofknowledgeon the dynamicsand conservation ofelasmobranchsin the region.