Sistema de tratamento aeróbio descentralizado de resíduos sólidos orgânicos no bairro Malvinas, Campina Grande – PB

Abstract

The disposal of household organic waste in landfills is still widespread in Brazil, it is a result of low levels of selective collection and the lack of interest on part ofpublic officials and knowledge of the population in the implementation of appropriate technologies for the treatment of such waste. The aim was toassess the feasibility of decentralized system of implementation for aerobictreatment of organic household waste (RSOD) generated in Malvinas District ,Campina Grande-PB. The research was carried out from June 2013 to June2015. It had been conducted mobilization and sensitization of 63 familiesparticipating through environmental education process, collection andcharacterization of RSOD, the development of the treatment system consists ofthree models of composters furniture, installation and monitoring of thetreatment system and provision of the resulting compound with the community.The experiment consisted of three treatments with three repetitions each,comprised of: rectangular concrete composters (RCC), square concretecomposters (SCC) and composting of aluminum and stainless steel (CAS).Each compost has fed with 30 kg of substrate with the following composition:80% of household organic waste, 3% of floristic waste, leaves 7% and 10%reject. The eversion has been performed twice a week. The temperaturemonitoring has been performed daily and the analysis of pH and total volatilesolids occurred weekly. The average change of 16.50% of household organicwaste into compost class C in 120 days with favorable characteristics toagriculture, expressed the scope of the research objectives. The study showedchanges in the perception of the community regarding the proper disposal of household solid organic waste in the neighborhood and social andenvironmental responsibility. It had been found effective for the treatment of waste by composting, reflected from 100% efficiency in the impracticability ofhelminth eggs and production of a stabilized and sanitized fertilizer.Decentralized composting was a viable alternative to treatment of householdorganic waste, by meeting the principles of sustainability and the law. Ingeneral, the performance of the three models for the treatment of household composting solid organic waste had satisfactory evaluation. The treatment ledto the production of a final compound free of contamination by helminth eggsand characteristics of a stabilized material, lowering the temperature to nearroom temperature, alkaline pH, reduction of volatile total solids. However, thefeasibility of agricultural use has not been tested. The environmental educationprocess contributed to the mobilization and coordination of the various socialactors involved in the composting deployment process. It has been concludedthat the practices reported here contributed to the reduction of contaminationrisks for collectors of recyclable materials, increased marketing potential ofrecyclable waste and reducing the amount of waste sent to municipal landfill.