Tratamento de esgotos domésticos em reator anaeróbio híbrido (RAH) seguido de reator com algas imobilizadas (RAI)

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of a hybrid anaerobic reactor followed by a reactor with immobilized algae in sewage treatment in the removal of carbonaceous material, nutrients and indicator bacteria of faecal contamination (fecal coliform). It was built in one PVC Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (HAR), with volume of 52 liters for tratar108 liters. The HAR consisted of an anaerobic upflow sludge blanket (UASB) followed by anaerobic filter (AF) containing polyurethane diced as a means support, fed with domestic sewage. The effluent of this reactor was led to an Immobilized Algae Reactor (IAR) for post-treatment. The Immobilized Algae Reactor (IAR) was constructed of glass with a total volume of 6 liters and operated with characteristics reactor with moving bed biofilm using an aquarium pump to promote the displacement of the liquid. The IAR operated in the first three stages was characterized by low rates of photosynthesis, in the second step was added ammonium sulfate to stimulate nitrification in the third operation phase it was observed increase in photosynthesis rates, with phosphorus precipitation, the ammonia volatilization and decay of fecal coliforms. The physical, chemical and microbiological parameters analyzed gave support the evaluation of removing carbonaceous material, nutrients and indicators of fecal contamination. The hybrid reactor provided considerable organic matter removal efficiency (77%), 60% in UASB and 17% in the anaerobic filter. Showed good removal efficiency of solid being 21% ST and 38% removal STV, the SST and VSS removals were 88%. The IAR showed removal efficiency NTK-N for the three phases respectively of 96%, 79% and 62% for ammonia were 99%, 89% and 80% sequence of three phases of operation. In the first and second phase occurred nitrification nitrite remained low at all stages. The removal of orthophosphate was negligible in the first two stages, but in the third stage reached values around 87% of orthophosphate removal and 70% of total phosphorus, resulting mainly from chemical precipitation. The removal of fecal coliforms was 4 logs in the third stage. Polyurethane proved to be a good means support for immobilization of algae, providing removal of nutrients and fecal coliform.