Prevalência e fatores associados ao traumatismo dentário em escolares da rede pública de Campina Grande-PB

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental trauma in from state schools, to analyze the factors associated with its occurrence and identify the kind of treatment and the need for treatment due to trauma. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study with a sample of 590 schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years of age, assisted by the state educational institutions of Campina Grande, PB. Data collection was performed by clinical examination and interview. For the categorization of trauma, we used the classification proposed by O'Brien (1995) and for the anthropometric measurements, we used the body mass index (BMI). Data was organized and tabulated with the aid of SPSS software version 18.0 and analyzed statistically by Qui-square test considering the significance level of 5%. The intra-examiners and inter- examiners were of 0.9 and 1.0. Results: The prevalence of trauma was 12.7%. The prevalence of overweight / obesity, and inadequate lip sealing dental protrusion were 13.6%, 8.1% and 15.6% respectively. The most frequent type of injury was a fracture involving enamel only, followed by fracture of enamel and dentin. Most students had a single tooth injured, and the right maxillary central incisors (31.8%) and left (31.8%) were most affected. The trauma was more prevalent in males, aged 13 to 14 years in negoid race and who were not overweight or obese, but had inadequate lip sealing and protruding teeth (p <0.05). Falling and in the house were the most prevalent cause and location of trauma, respectively. Most students did not seek first aid or treatment (82.6%), finding that they did not need it (53.2%), with adhesive restoration being the most performed treatment (55.5%). A total of 90.6% required treatment, mainly adhesive restoration (84.0%). In multivariate analysis, sex, age and inadequate lip seal remained associated with the trauma (p <0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of trauma was low and the only variables associates to dental trauma were age, sex and incomplete lip closure. Had high frequence of state schools with dental trauma untreatment and the most appropriate treatment being adhesive restoration.