DOR LOMBAR NA GRAVIDEZ: PREVALÊNCIA E EFEITOS DOS EXERCÍCIOS TERAPÊUTICOS

Abstract

The lumbago is considered a public health problem, affecting 80% of the population, being the gestation a causative factor. Generally, they occur due to alterations of posture, loose-ligament increasing, and diminishing of the abdominal function. We aimed, in this study, at checking the effects of the therapeutic exercises on the lumbar pain and determining the social economic and obstetric conditions in a group of pregnant women helped by the Family Health Program, in the Pedegral District, located in the city of Campina Grande. The stydy was of a Tranversal, experimental, comparative, descriptive Kind, with quantitative approach, 104 pregnant women were interviewed, 77 out of them showed lumbar paint, and among these women, 20 agreed to participate in the study, being 10 fron the intervining group (IG) and 10 from the control group (CG). In both groups forms were applied from the beginning to the end of the study. In the intervining group, a physical therapeutic treatment was applied with streching exercises in a systematic and controlled way, done once a week and twice at home. The prevalence of pregnant women with lumbar pain was 74%. Most of them were adolescents aged between 15 -20 years old, an average of 17,6 +1,7 and median of 18 years old, composing 60% of the sample. Over 90% showed poor scholastic and income levels, 60% had one or two gestations, being the majority adolescents and first time pregnant. Each group had from 1 to 3 abortions and 80% were between the 6th and 7th month of the gestation period. Of the sample, 60% did not have edema and 40% just in the lower limbs. In the two groups studied, all of them felt pain. When the Laségue sign was tested, it was verified that the retraction of the tibia muscles was present in 50% of the pregnant women, with pain spreading to the rigth leg and coming up from the second trimester gestation on, being the nigth, the part of day with the highest intensity. According to the Numerical Scale associated with the Analogic Visual Scale, 50% of the pregnant women from the (IG) and 30% from the (CG) classified the pains as strong, the burning tiring, pulling and stinging ones. 40% attributed the pain in the back to the excessive physical effort and vices of posture, interfering with the sleep. In this study, it was proved that the physical therapeutic treatment was effective, once 90% of the pregnant women reached the 9th month of gestation without showing lumbar pains, confirming, thus, that the therapeutic work contributes to a more stable pregnancy period and with positive affects in the women s health.