Análise radiográfica da cortical óssea mandibular em indivíduos com Diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the mandibular cortical bone of subjects with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1), through panoramic radiographs, and compare them with those of individuals without DM1, noting the DM1 influence in the morphology of the mandibular cortical. It was observational, case-control type study. The sample of the case-group consisted of 50 patients with DM1 that met the eligibility criteria, all from the endocrinology department of a university hospital. While the control group consisted of 100 panoramic radiographs of individuals without DM1, all originating from a particular clinic dental radiology file, respecting the eligibility criteria established. With the purpose of obtaining a higher degree of reliability for each individual in the case-group, two individuals in the control group has the same sex and age. Analysis of mandibular cortical bone was performed by radiomorphometry from the application of Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI), Menton Index (MI), Gonial index (GI), antegonial index (AI) and Upper Mandibular Panoramic Index and Lower Mandibular Panoramic Index (UMPI/LMPI) by using the Radioimp software. Radiographic analyzes were performed at three different times and two-week intervals by the same rater (double blind). At the end of the analysis mean of the three measurements was obtained and data were tabulated and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential analyses were applied via the chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact test. To means comparison were used the t test and one-way ANOVA at p &#8804; 0.05. As a result, when analyzing the MCI, higher frequencies of individuals with cortical changes were observed in the case group, in both sexes and all age groups, with differences between groups (p <0.01). Regarding MI, GI, AI, UMPI and LMPI, statistically significant was only detected for the GI of females, whereas for males differences were observed for all the indices (p <0.05). Individuals with decompensated DM1 showed a significantly higher frequency of change in mandibular cortical (92.3%), based on the MCI, but also had lower averages of MI, GI, and AI and LMPI compared to those with the control DM1, such a difference being statistically significant (p &#8804; 0.05). In conclusion, individuals with DM1 showed decreased mandibular cortical bone compared to subjects in the control group, with indications that the decompensated DM1 causes harmful effects under the mandibular cortical.