A industrialização incentivada do Nordeste e o caso de Campina Grande-PB

Abstract

This research addressed the Northeast industrialization process up from the fiscal incentives in order to attract companies and considering the municipality of Campina Grande, Paraíba State, as an empirical object of analysis. In this context, data were gathered concerning the industrialization of the city from 1961 to 2011, based on projects of incentives approved by Sudene (Superintendency of Northeast Development). Are presented and implanted by the government of Paraíba from 1988 to 2011, through Fain (Support Fund for Industrial Development). The methodology was based on a bibliographical research on the subject and data collection in the agencies: Fiep, IBGE, Pnud, Ipeadata, Cinep and Sudene, as well as a field survey using open questionnaires with two industries that have settled in the city and received fiscal incentives. The results indicate the importance of fiscal incentives for industrialization in Campina Grande. In the course of 50 years, the town had 220 projects approved by Sudene, among which 83 were for installation of new industries. In the comparison between the state and federal incentives during 1988-2011, Sudene approved 150 projects, while Fain signed 125 approvals. In both case studies it was highlighted the importance of the geographical position of Campina Grande in the Northeast. However the fiscal incentives were decisive for those industries settle in the city, since other states offered benefits. It was also observed that much of the workers are of local residents. The study suggests that regional inequalities have not diminished at all, but the industrial decentralization through fiscal incentives have been the main element responsible for maintaining the growth rates of certain states, and in this research example, to Campina Grande.