Tratamento de efluentes oleosos utilizando processo de adsorção através de argila organofílica para separação óleo/água

Abstract

The generation of wastewater contaminated with organic compounds, release or spill into these water bodies can lead to serious environmental problems. The removal of chemical pollutants in water presents itself as one of the central issues regarding the issue of environmental remediation. In this sense, the chemical modification of clays with quaternary ammonium salts by cation exchange, has gained increasing importance in the environmental area. In this work the BSN-01 organoclay adsorbent was evaluated as the oil removal process. The initial part of this study aimed to prepare the organophilic clay BSN-01 with cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride salt (Genamin). The Characterization of clay before and after chemical treatment (organophilization), we used following the techniques: X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), X-ray Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive (EDX), Physical Adsorption of N (BET), Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA/TG), adsorption capacity in organic solvents (gasoline , kerosene and diesel oil) and Tests for Swelling Foster. The continuing work aimed at evaluating the BSN-01 organoclay as an adsorbent in the process removal oil of a synthetic effluent using a system of finite bath (batch adsorption). The assays were performed according to a factorial design of experiments 2 2 2 with three experiments at the central point, where they were evaluated two input variables: initial concentration of effluent (100, 300 and 500 mg/L) and agitation (100, 200 and 300 rpm), allowed to observe the response variables: percentage of total removal (%Rem) and removal capacity at equilibrium (q ). The characterization techniques (XRD, FTIR, DTA/TG) showed the effective intercalation of quaternary ammonium cations in the interlayer of the clay and showed that the process of organophilization caused changes in their chemical properties , increasing its adsorption capacity when compared to clay without treatment. Tests of adsorption capacity and swelling of Foster proved better results for the organoclay, regardless of the organic solvent used (gasoline, kerosene , diesel oil), indicating the effective affinity with such solvents. Tests in finite bath determined the percentage removal (% Rem) up to 96.66 % and removal capacity at equilibrium (q eq) of up to 48.33 mg/g, indicating that the BSN-01 clay treated with Genamin is an significant alternative in the process of oil removal.