Investigação dos efeitos citotóxico, genotóxico e antibacteriano dos taninos isolados de Anacardium Occidentale Linn e Anadenanthera Macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan em linhagens de Streptococcus associados ao biofilme dental

Abstract

Plants are a rich source of new biologically active molecules with recognized potential in drug development. The Anacardium occidentale Linn , popularly known as 'cashew tree' (cajueiro, in Portuguese), is a plant of the family Anacardiaceae, native of the northeast region of Brazil and is popularly known for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties. The Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan or "angico" belongs to the Mimosaceae family, distrubuted throughout the tropical regions and indicated for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The aim of this study were to investigate the cytotoxicity and the genotoxicity of the fraction of tannins of the crude ethanol extract of the stem bark from A. occidentalle e A. macrocarpa in eucariotyc cells as well as check the antibacterial activity like Minimum Inhibitory Concentration against Streptococci strains from dental biofilm in relation to the chlorhexidine: S. mitis ATCC 903, S. mutans ATCC 25175, S. oralis ATCC 10557, S. salivarius ATCC 7073, S. sanguinis ATCC 15300, S. sobrinus ATCC 27609. It was performed a experimental laboratory study in vivo and in vitro assay. The statistics were analyzed by the software GraphPad Prism 6.0 using tests like t student, Bonferroni and ANOVA two way to analyses the difference between the groups within p<0,05. The antibacterial activity of the tannins of A. occidentale Linn (TAOL) was characterized as bacteriostatic. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity in any of the tested concentrations, neither TAOL nor TAM caused significant hemolysis of the erythrocytes in human blood in any of the tested groups. They also were not able to protect eucaryotic cells when exposed to hypotonic NaCl solutions. The tannins of the two plants did not show any oxidant effect on concentrations tested and also as did not show antioxidant effects. The TAM and TAOL were not able to modify the genetic material in rodents erythrocytes, in order words, induce mutations. It follows that these plants of popular use showed effectiveness to the biofilm control, and generally weren't toxic to the organism, suggesting that may be able to be used within efficacy and safety like a herbal product for the oral hygiene.