Ecobiologia de Aedes aegypti (L. 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) associada a fatores climáticos em três mesorregiões da Paraíba

Abstract

The Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is considered the most important vector in the transmission of arboviruses worldwide. This study aimed to understand how climatic factors (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) influence oviposition patterns, distribution and development of populations of Aedes aegypti in the field and in the laboratory. Monthly collections were performed in 12 cities of Campina Grande, João Pessoa and Patos in neighborhoods with the highest incidence vector. The eggs collected were brought to the laboratory, quantified, established colonies and identified to species based on larval characters. Climate trends for the three study areas were estimated, and from these set temperatures of 16, 22, 28, 33, 36 and 39 º C, for biological studies and thermal requirements of the vector. A total of 27,888 Aedes aegypti eggs were removed from the three selected neighborhoods. The results indicated that the city of Patos, showed significant interaction between IDO and rainfall (r = 0.83287, p = 0.0008) and relative humidity (r = 0.60140, p = 0.0386) and João Pessoa presented positive correlation (r = 0.66900, p = 0.0174) between the IDO and the IPO. Tendencies of increasing maximum temperature were 0.073 º C / year, 0.044 ° C / year and 0.061 ° C / year for João Pessoa, Campina Grande and Patos, respectively. The temperature influenced the life cycle of the vector. The incubation period of eggs populations of A. aegypti ranged from 13.46 days at 16 ° C for the population of Campina Grande to 2.59 days at 36 ° C to A. aegypti Patos. Considering the general average, the duration of development for the larval, pupal and egg to adult emergence was observed for the shorter periods the population of João Pessoa. The lowest number of eggs / female (1.46 eggs / female) was recorded at 16 ° C for samples of Patos, while the highest (262.3 eggs / female) was recorded at 28 ° C for females whose João Pessoa. The number of generations per year were 23.6 to 25.9 ° C, 24.7 at 27 ° C and 28.0 ° C for the 30 municipalities of Campina Grande, João Pessoa and Patos, respectively. Thermal constants obtained for the phases of egg, larval and pupal stages were 74.6, 139.8, 38.2 degree-days for the populations of A. aegypti Campina Grande; 90.9; 140.8, 49.8 for the population of John Person and 73.3, 156.9, 35.4 for Patos. Based on the development time and thermal requirements of the egg, larva and pupa and fecundity, it was found that the temperature favorable to the vector is between 22 ° C and 36 ° C.