Inclusão social da pessoa com deficiência física: fatores relacionados à sua permanência no mercado de trabalho

Abstract

The study sought to draw a socioeconomic and epidemiological profile of people with disabilities who entered the Quota Law, analyze their quality of work life (QWL), identify the factors responsible for their remaining in current occupation and their health complaints today. For this we conducted a qualitative and quantitative survey, whose sample consisted of 110 individuals with some type of disability. For collection of secondary data a form was used built from the evaluation forms existing in the assessment sector of the Support Center for the Impaired Foundation (FUNAD), place where the research was conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed and displayed using the SPSS 18.0 statistical software. The QWL was analyzed through a polarized scale and Cronbach's alpha. Finally, subjective questions were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results showed that males were predominant, with 66.36% of the sample. The mean age was 29.19 for men and 30.86 for women. Most respondents have only a high school education and earn between one and two minimum wages. Regarding the epidemiological profile, we found that, among men external causes were the leading cause of disability, while in women, infectious diseases occurred more frequently and that the main type of disability found was the lower limb paresis. The main problems reported by respondents were: pain, limitation or disability in performing basic activities of daily living, the prejudice suffered and limitation in physical activity. Regarding current employment status of the respondents, 50.9% of the sample is currently working. Of these, 73.2% are regulated employees, either by public contest or by the Consolidation of Labor Laws., 44.44% of the unemployed, in the sample, were never able to work. Regarding the perception of QWL, only 10.72% were satisfied. When asked which of the factors most influenced their stay in a particular occupation, the top responses were employers respect, salary, stability, work hours and workload. It is necessary, however, to carry out further and more specific studies that can really verify employment rates among people with disabilities in our country and region. Moreover, there is also the need for application of training programs, greater government participation, job security and adequate working conditions.