Estudo da influência de diferentes inóculos no tratamento anaeróbio de resíduos sólidos orgânicos

Abstract

Municipal solid waste are produced daily from commercial, industrial and domestic sectors, thus becoming one of the biggest environmental problems nowadays. There are several techniques for treatment of solid waste, mainly organic fraction, which is liable to biological degradation. Anaerobic digestion has been widely used for this purpose. One of the most important stages of anaerobic digestion is hydrolysis, which promotes the breakdown of organic polymer complex to simple molecules by extracellular enzymes. Prior preparation of inoculum is an example of pre-treatment that can increase the efficiency of anaerobic process, achieving higher yields in the production of biogas and further biostabilized final compound.This study aimed to evaluate the conduct of different inoculum in anaerobic digestion of food waste, analyze the soluble fraction of each treatment, determine the kinetic constant of biodegradation and quantify the production of biogas. The experimental system was installed and monitored premises Experiment Station Biological Treatment of Sewage from the State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande. The substrate used in the experiment was added to the inoculum and fed to different reactors (leachate, UASB effluent, adapted leachate and adapted UASB), composing the treatments. The adapted leachate and UASB inoculum were pre-treated under anaerobic conditions for four months before starting the experiment. One of the treatments was studied as a blank test without the addition of inoculum.Soluble fractions were analyzed for each treatment from weekly collection of the liquid sample. The biogas volume quantification was performed daily using manometric system. After 104 days of monitoring, it was observed that among the conditions studied, the treatment process to better answered biological solubilization was that containing leachate, getting larger value of biodegradation kinetics constant. The biogas production obtained low variation of results, with unit values of 0.13 L and accumulated volumes around 9.5 L in treatments studied.