Concepções de desenvolvimento infantil no trabalho pedagógico em creche: um estudo de caso

Abstract

The infantile education received a private treatment according to the Law 9.394/96, to the being considered the first stage of the basic education, with purpose of promoting the child's integral development in their aspects physicist, psychological, intellectual and social. That historical circumstance and the presupposition that the ones that work with the zero children's education to five years, they have ideas of the infantile development, they took to the subject of this expressed research in the objective: to analyze conceptions of infantile development that they permeate the pedagogic practice and the educators' speech, identifying theoretical sources that they subsidize them. Their theoretical foundations were Genetic Epistemology of Piaget and Freud's Psychoanalysis, in what they concern to the infantile development. According to the methodology, this qualitative research was a study of case. The data were collected through free observation from November to December in 2006 and semi-structured interviews from March to April in 2007, respectively, at a municipal day care in Campina Grande - PB. Four teachers and twenty-eight students were observed, concluding a total of sixty six, being twenty-eight in the Maternal II and thirty eight in the Preschool I, and eleven teachers were interviewed. The analyzed situations were: music with dramatization; cut out, collage and painting; construction; stick manipulation; taste experience; draw and paintings; work with blocks; learning outside activities; representation of signs; counting; circle with music and inference; discussion about the social behavior; infantile stories; manifestation of the sexuality; sources of the infantile sexuality. The interviews were interpreted by the content analysis, according to the categories: day care as development space; child; notions related to Piaget; practical approaches to the theory of Piaget; Freud s notions; practical approaches to the Freud s theory. The results showed that the speech and the teachers' practice signaled notions of the infantile development related to Piaget and Freud. On the cognitive development, in spite of the educational speech not to demonstrate consistence theoretical explanations, some teachers enunciated relative elements to the pré-operational apprenticeship with traces of the apprenticeship sensorial-motor. The teachers also signaled to know the development of the infantile sexuality and typical manifestations of the phase that the children live. Finally, the teachers enunciated elements of the theories of Piaget and Freud on the development cognitive, social and emotional, although such notions lack of clarity and go deeper into it. We recommended the institution of politics of continuous formation for better subsidize the teachers' of the infantile education practice.