Perfil sociodemográfico e condições de saúde de adultos com lesão medular

Abstract

The objective was to identify the health conditions and the sociodemographic factors associated to prevalence of functional inability to Activities of Daily Life (ADL s) of people with spinal cord injury which live in urban area Agreste of Borborema. Cross-sectional census-like quantitative study. 75 adults with spinal cord injury and registered in Basic Unity of Family Health from the cities which compose Agreste of Borborema, participated. Three instruments were used: the questionnaire I (data from city), the questionnaire II (sociodemographic data and health conditions of participants) and the questionnaire III, called Barthel Index (BI). Blood pressure was verified (high BP; diastolic > 90 mmHg and/or systolic > 140 mmHg), as well as the Fasting Capillary Glycemia (altered values > 100 mg/dL) and abdominal circumference - AC (altered values > 94 cm for men and > 80 cm for woman). The BI enabled us to evaluate the functional capacity of participants to ADL s. This index contains ten items of mobility which constitute ADL s. Each item contains questions that receive punctuation 0, 5, 10 or 15. The global result varies from 0 to 100 points. Ponctuation equal to 100 means total independency; 60 95 indicates dependence; 40 55 indicates moderate dependence; 20 35 indicates serious dependence; and < 20 indicates total dependence and high risk of death. The Resolution 196/96 was respected. Data were treated with descriptive and inferential statistical and were presented on tables and graphs using the program SPSS 15.0. Ratio of prevalence, chi-square and Fisher test were calculated. The results pointed: the majority of participants are men (81,3%), suffered the accident between 8 33 years old (50,7%), concluded basic education (56%), are non-white (53,3%), have income from one to two minimum wages (70,7%) and suffered the spinal cord injury by falling (33,3%) or by firearm (29,3%). It was also verified: total Cronbach s Alfa = 0,807 to Barthel Index; level of functional disability low to the population; systolic blood pressure on average of 128,13 (±17,66; x mín = 95, x = 190), diastolic blood pressure on average of 83,80 (±12,70; x mín = 60, x máx máx = 120); fasting capillary glycemia on average of 85,85 (±12,70; x = 57, x máx = 113); abdominal circumference on average of 91,36 (±15,03; x = 70) to men and average of 94,21 (±13,15; x mín = 70, x máx mín = 113) to women. No association was found between sociodemographic/health conditions variables and functional capacity, but there was a higher prevalence of independence among the subjects who had religious beliefs and normal AC. It is evidenced that most of them are men, young, have low income and are victims of firearms, leading to inference that those people are more exposed to urban violence. It was confirmed the hypothesis that health conditions of people with spinal cord injury are bad. It is suggested that the Basic Unit of Family Health plan and optimize actions directed to people with spinal cord injury, that the relatives and caregivers help the deficient with incentives to rehabilitation, as well as to make a work with the community searching attitude changes over the prejudice and social exclusion.