Análise clínica do efeito de fitoterápicos na redução do biofilme dental e sangramento gengival na doença periodontal

Abstract

The use of medicinal plants in dentistry has been considered a tool to assist in oral therapy of various diseases by stimulating the development of new commercial products with higher pharmacological activity and biocompatibility, lower toxicity and less cost-effective. This study aimed to clinically evaluate the effect of mouthwash herbal (chamomile and pomegranate) in reducing the biofilm and gingival bleeding in periodontal disease compared to the effect of chlorhexidine 0.12%. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in patients with gingivitis (n = 31) and chronic periodontitis (n = 24), participants were divided into six groups, according to the type of periodontal disease and substance used, namely: G1 (Gingivitis - mouthwash with chlorhexidine solution 0.12%), G2 (Gingivitis - mouthwash with chamomile extract), G3 (-gingivitis mouthwash with pomegranate extract), P1 (periodontitis, chlorhexidine mouthwash solution at 0, 12%), P2 (Periodontitis-mouthwash with chamomile extract), P3 (Periodontitis-mouthwash with pomegranate extract). Initially, all participants underwent a single session of scaling and root planing completed, followed by oral hygiene guidelines and recommendations regarding the use of mouthwash, twice daily for a period of fifteen days. The results showed that the rinse of chamomile extract compounds were effective in reducing the plaque index and gingival bleeding in the presence of gingivitis and periodontitis, with levels similar to that of chlorhexidine 0.12%. While the mouthwash with pomegranate extract showed effectiveness in reducing gingivitis in plaque index, gingival bleeding index in periodontitis when compared with the control group, however showed no statistically significant reduction in plaque index in periodontal disease. Finally, the mouthwash with extracts of chamomile and pomegranate were satisfactory in reducing the biofilm and gingival bleeding in periodontal disease suggesting that both extracts exhibit antiinflammatory and antimicrobial actions, which can then be used as alternative therapeutic agents for the restoration and maintenance of periodontal health.